Capaian Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) dan Distribusi Demografi Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Bukit Sangkal, Kota Palembang

Achievement of Minimum Service Standards and Demographic Distribution of Patients with Hypertension at Bukit Sangkal Primary Health Center, Palembang City

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan prioritas dalam Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) di Indonesia dan menuntut pelayanan yang konsisten serta berkualitas untuk menekan risiko komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan capaian SPM hipertensi serta distribusi usia dan jenis kelamin penderita di Puskesmas Bukit Sangkal, Kota Palembang, tahun 2024. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang berdasarkan data sekunder laporan pelayanan hipertensi periode Januari–Desember 2024. Data dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan proporsi untuk menilai capaian SPM bulanan serta karakteristik demografi pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa capaian layanan hipertensi meningkat secara konsisten setiap bulan hingga mencapai 100% pada Desember 2024, yang mengindikasikan seluruh sasaran berhasil dilayani sesuai standar. Distribusi kasus didominasi kelompok usia lanjut (≥60 tahun) dan perempuan, dengan proporsi lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki. Temuan ini mencerminkan efektivitas upaya promotif dan preventif yang dijalankan puskesmas, termasuk pemeriksaan rutin dan edukasi kesehatan yang berkelanjutan. Secara keseluruhan, capaian SPM yang optimal menunjukkan kuatnya komitmen fasilitas kesehatan primer dalam pengendalian hipertensi. Namun, peningkatan kepatuhan terapi jangka panjang dan ketersediaan obat tetap menjadi fokus perbaikan untuk mempertahankan kualitas layanan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran praktis bagi puskesmas lain dalam mengoptimalkan pencapaian SPM melalui strategi pelayanan yang terarah dan berbasis data.

Hypertension is a priority health problem within the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) in Indonesia and requires consistent and high-quality services to reduce the risk of complications. This study aimed to describe the achievement of the hypertension MSS as well as the distribution of age and sex among patients at Bukit Sangkal Primary Health Care, Palembang City, in 2024. This study employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from hypertension service reports from January to December 2024. Data were analyzed using frequency and proportion distributions to assess monthly MSS achievement and patients’ demographic characteristics. The results showed that hypertension service coverage increased consistently each month and reached 100% in December 2024, indicating that all targeted individuals had been served according to the established standards. The distribution of cases was dominated by older adults (≥60 years) and females, with a higher proportion than males. These findings reflected the effectiveness of the health center’s promotive and preventive efforts, including routine blood pressure screening and continuous health education. Overall, the optimal achievement of the hypertension MSS indicated a strong commitment of primary health care facilities in controlling hypertension. However, improving long-term treatment adherence and ensuring continuous drug availability remain key priorities to sustain service quality. The findings of this study provide practical insights for other primary health centers in optimizing MSS achievement through targeted and data-driven service strategies.