Uji Laboratorium Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis linn) sebagai Larvasida terhadap Larva Anopheles sp.

Laboratory Test of the Effectiveness of Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis linn) Leaf Extract as a Larvicide against Anopheles sp. Larvae

Abstract

Malaria merupakan penyakit endemik di Indonesia yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Anopheles sp. dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Upaya pengendalian larva umumnya menggunakan larvasida kimia, namun dapat berpotensi menimbulkan resistensi dan pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif larvasida alami yang lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun jarak kepyar terhadap mortalitas larva larval mortality. pada instar I – IV. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen sejati (true experiment) dengan rancangan Posttest Only Control Group Design. Sampel berupa larva larval mortality. instar I–IV sebanyak 25 ekor per kelompok. Ekstrak daun jarak kepyar diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dan diuji pada konsentrasi 453 ppm. Data mortalitas larva diamati setiap dua jam hingga 48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mortalitas rata-rata tertinggi terjadi pada instar I (45,3%) dan terendah pada instar IV (21,3%). Sehingga, konsentrasi 453 ppm belum efektif sebagai larvasida standar. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak daun jarak kepyar memiliki potensi sebagai larvasida nabati, tetapi pada konsentrasi ini belum optimal. Serta terdapat perbedaan mortalitas yang signifikan pada instar I, II, dengan instar III, IV. Disarankan penelitian lanjutan dengan variasi konsentrasi lebih tinggi dan waktu pengamatan diperpanjang untuk memperoleh efektivitas maksimal.

                  Malaria is an endemic disease in Indonesia transmitted by Anopheles sp. mosquitoes and remains a public health problem. Larval control efforts generally use chemical larvicides, but these can potentially cause resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, safer and more environmentally friendly natural larvicides are needed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of castor bean leaf extract on larval mortality in instars I–IV. This study used a true experiment method with a Posttest Only Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 25 larvae of instar I–IV per group. The extract of castor bean leaves was obtained through the maceration method and tested at a concentration of 453 ppm. Larval mortality data were observed every two hours for up to 48 hours. The results showed that the highest average mortality occurred in instar I (45.3%) and the lowest in instar IV (21.3%). Therefore, the concentration of 453 ppm was not yet effective as a standard larvicide. In conclusion, castor bean leaf extract has potential as a botanical larvicide, but at this concentration it is not yet optimal. There was also a significant difference in mortality between instars I and II and III and IV. Further research with higher concentration variations and extended observation time is recommended to achieve maximum effectiveness.