Gambaran Gangguan Pendengaran pada Karyawan di PT Unit Layanan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (ULPLTD) Luwuk

Description of Hearing Loss in Employees at PT Luwuk Diesel Power Plant Service Unit (ULPLTD)

Abstract

Gangguan pendengaran akibat kebisingan merupakan salah satu dampak lingkungan kerja yang tidak aman dan menjadi isu penting dalam keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3). Data WHO (2023) menunjukkan sekitar 430 juta orang mengalami gangguan pendengaran dan diperkirakan meningkat hingga 700 juta pada tahun 2050. Industri pembangkit listrik termasuk sektor dengan tingkat kebisingan tinggi yang berisiko menimbulkan gangguan pendengaran pada pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan pendengaran pada karyawan PT Unit Layanan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (ULPLTD) Luwuk. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif dengan teknik total sampling terhadap 66 pekerja aktif. Pemeriksaan pendengaran dilakukan menggunakan hearing test berbasis frekuensi suara (Pitch/Hz) dan audiometri tutur, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada telinga kanan, sebagian besar pekerja memiliki pendengaran normal (78,6%), sedangkan 16,1% mengalami gangguan pendengaran ringan dan 5,4% sedang. Pada telinga kiri, 87,5% pekerja memiliki pendengaran normal, 10,7% mengalami gangguan ringan, dan 1,8% sedang. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 19,7% pekerja yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran ringan hingga sedang pada salah satu atau kedua telinga. Pemeriksaan audiometri tutur menunjukkan seluruh pekerja masih mampu mengenali dan memahami suara dengan baik. Gangguan pendengaran diduga berkaitan dengan paparan kebisingan yang melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas 85 dBA. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan disarankan melakukan deteksi dini secara berkala, pengendalian kebisingan, serta meningkatkan kepatuhan penggunaan alat pelindung diri.

Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the impacts of unsafe working environments and remains an important issue in occupational health and safety. According to the World Health Organization (2023), approximately 430 million people worldwide experience hearing impairment, and this number is projected to increase to 700 million by 2050. Power generation industries are among the sectors with high noise exposure, placing workers at risk of hearing disorders. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of hearing disorders among employees at the Diesel Power Plant Service Unit (ULPLTD) Luwuk. A descriptive observational study was conducted using a total sampling technique involving 66 active workers. Hearing assessments were performed using frequency-based hearing tests (Pitch/Hz) and speech audiometry. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that in the right ear, 78.6% of workers had normal hearing, while 16.1% experienced mild hearing loss and 5.4% had moderate hearing loss. In the left ear, 87.5% of workers had normal hearing, 10.7% had mild hearing loss, and 1.8% had moderate hearing loss. Overall, 19.7% of workers experienced mild to moderate hearing loss in one or both ears. Speech audiometry indicated that all workers (100%) were still able to recognize and understand speech sounds. Hearing disorders were suspected to be associated with noise exposure exceeding the permissible exposure limit of 85 dBA. Therefore, regular early detection, effective noise control measures, and strict use of personal protective equipment are strongly recommended.